concrete podium deck construction

$2Y�'�KO_<3��}�MǶ/�{�:K�|��Q��~1T>r�R�ه�LK�w��Qk!�l�5S�u�E�N��^�$$'hc}��QQQ�UT��{zǝ��ۮ�ϿZsmB�� e@-`��5u� �V�g魯'.�$��A?ȧ��K��ќ��Qci��p��h1�, v "��1�-b݄f&��5;2��dű3(:11�C |��g@D~i�xϑM��u��.�� )7��#��S��At��`�3߂��@�@φ��4�>ܿ��b��] ��|��{�|�k�ۚگ�� X�-�Mo`��2s�wy��uv��unh�Ǹ9�aQظ,bD��(��X�Կ��nF'$}��_ ��"S��z�Iĵε� ��9��!�uKH�{��"Ի1�3�1="t�uȹ � 9��5�!7h+N��E@� ��Ϳ)�43��L�>/. He is the author of The Analysis of Irregular Shaped Structures: Diaphragms and Shear Walls, published by McGraw-Hill and ICC. Podium decks are generally made of concrete, concrete plank block and beam. Usually these slabs are … Figure 1. The space below the podium … … Single Family. In North America, “podium” buildings, which include multiple stories of wood over an elevated concrete “podium deck,” have become especially prevalent. <> 2015 ed., AF & PA, Washington DC. The number of boundary studs on the compression side of the wall are often controlled by these stresses. Typically, they are exposed to all extremes of the weather. The amplification factor in ASCE 7-10 Section 12.2.3.2 (d), when used, applies to only the seismic component of the reaction forces, not the entire reaction-included gravity loads. Traditional shear walls must comply with the allowable height-to-width, (h/b), aspect ratios of the 2015 SDPWS, which can be found in Section 4.3.4 and Table 4.3.4. <> - type of construction only for wood-framed buildings on top of podium. Concrete … stream However, some newer systems have been developed with lighter residential construction in mind. 2010. … The requirement to water proof is to protect the parent substrate allowing for usage of the deck… High Performance Solution. This is for purposes of determining the allowable area limitation, continuity of firewalls, type of construction, and number of stories. Traditional methods of calculating wall deflection using the three- or four-part deflection equation do not account for multi-story shear wall effects on structures having more than three stories. On similar past projects we have used CIP concrete for the podium level where deflections due to gravity loads are minimum. This design would likely be most cost-effective when the building has no need for a parking deck and ample space in the lot on which it is being built. Fig.2: Podium slab; precast hollow core units used for construction. Typically, they are exposed to all extremes of the weather. The requirement to waterproof is to protect the parent substrate, allowing for usage of the deck and the protection of the area underneath (from definitions). 16 0 obj These plans are frequently rectangular in shape with or without exterior shear walls, or they can have multiple horizontal offsets and wings. Wall rotation for shear walls typically includes the consideration of rod elongation, anchor slip, and the crushing effects at the bearing plate and wall plates. Your project may have a shoring height of 8 foot or 80 feet, or a slab … Usually these slabs are situated above parking levels and as such require higher fire ratings and reduced sound transmission. This allowance only applies when: In versions of the IBC up to and including 2012, the lower portion of the construction described by these provisions, commonly referred to as the podium, can be no more than one story above the grade plane. Doug Thompson. This type of construction in which the building elements listed in IBC Table 601 are of non-combustible materials, such as concrete and steel. However, this method of framing has an increased potential for vertical shrinkage. ,m�Э�e1��.��?^�iK��+�1Ȋ�l8s kPT�� :��(�9@[��|��)` <>/Metadata 376 0 R/ViewerPreferences 377 0 R>> <> stream ASCE/SEI 7-10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE, New York. Reprinting or other use of these materials without express permission of NCSEA is prohibited. Beton’s CONIROOF system can meet these requirements. <> Podium structures have become common in the United States as the demand has increased for dense, mixed use spaces and multi-unit residences. <> Continuous tie-rod systems with shrinkage-compensating devices are becoming the preferred method of anchoring for multiple narrow stacked shear walls because they account for vertical shrinkage at each floor level and provide better control over story drift. It engages, enlightens, and empowers structural engineers through interesting, informative, and inspirational content. However, knowing that this allowance is provided in the 2015 edition often eliminates the AHJ’s concerns. Table 12.6-1 of ASCE 7 only allows equivalent lateral force for certain characteristic. Podium construction—also known as pedestal or platform construction—typically includes multiple stories of light framing over a single- or multi-story podium of another construction style, which may include retail as well as above- or below-grade parking levels. This allows measuring the maximum SFRS height for a wood structural panel-sheathed shear wall system, in SDC D through F of 65 feet, from the top of the podium. The other option is to use platform framing, which is easier to install, reduces stud heights, takes less time to install, and can eliminate the joist hanger and costs associated with semi-balloon framing. This must be accounted for in the design and can in some cases increase the size of the studs. Using the flexible diaphragm assumption would allow distribution of diaphragm forces to shear walls to be based on tributary area. construction. Typical framing details for load-bearing wood-framed walls. 15 0 obj endobj Structurally, ASCE 7-10 Section 12.2.3.2 provides a two-stage analysis procedure that can be beneficial for seismic design of podium projects. I have had the incredible pleasure of overseeing some of the most creative and dedicated workers any CEO could hope for. Gravity framing (e.g. Only the weight of the flexible upper portion has to be considered in its design, not the entire weight of both portions. We offer our construction expertise in the Northwest and Rocky Mountain regions. These materials use the following take off units in an estimate: Rebar - pounds or tons 17 0 obj 3 podIum and/or parkIng roof decks combIned wIth IntensIve green roofs 4 nophadraIn podIum deck and p arkIng deck systems 4.1 Podium Deck System – load class 1 Warm roof construction/roof construction without thermal insulation a. Build-up without sub-base layer b. Build-up including sub-base layer c. Build-up including levelling layer 3 PODIUM AND / OR PARKING ROOF DECKS COMBINED . Common configurations include up to five stories of residential use over retail, commercial, office, and parking occupancies, similar in configuration to the building shown in Figure 1. 19 0 obj endobj On that basis, some confusion and lack of consistency exist regarding which type of diaphragm analysis should be employed for a given project. 4 0 obj x�͘�j�@��z��*v!��=j!�8I��!��8��J�ҷ��ZVl�KR]�N�73��NN��)�p|��e��Ǥ��%On��h��b��Ͼ��җ�ӓ�t��g1d��ā�vgc9L�8��&q��QrA�n��C1�&%t7��{�W�=�G�rtG-h?B�:��׾��vٝ�¦ �9��#I�@��黒�uW�J0\� �8�9��f.t��,��(�ç��Ȫ�iPu*�G�*��eI� �2�"$��~7gW]` �"��h6��;O�� %�Z=9�~��@=��p��E�h��Zl&�T�w0��,��f�,��P�Fj./ʻ�D�m�mi�"� d�� d�rј@��;��0!�|W�J�:@�K�I-��j�F�Ѭ�p�s͑�f��p��Ң�� osɝL��r6d�~�H�rh�V��f�|��PH��D �1F��Y��` limit the maximum height of wood structural panel-sheathed shear walls to 65 feet above the base of the seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) in Seismic Design Categories (SDC) D, E, or F. In order to gain additional stories, increase building area, and stay within the allowable building and seismic system heights, the IBC and ASCE 7 each have provisions which enable podium designs. <> <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Largo worked with Level 10 Construction on the 15 level high-rise and three level podium … %PDF-1.5 Seismic and Wind Load Considerations. Recent Blog Posts. endobj Item e of ASCE 7 / 12.3.3.2 mentioned that lower portion is analyzed with the equivalent lateral force procedure. Comprised of three separate four-story wood buildings, two of which sit on a 50,000-square-foot post-tensioned concrete podium deck, the project used 18-inch deep open web trusses. A fast, … 2015. <> <> Two types of anchoring systems can be used as shown in Figure 5, discrete hold downs and continuous tie-rod anchoring systems. This can significantly affect multi-story shear wall stiffness and capacity. Rooftop and podium concrete decks are used for car parks, equipment plants, and similar situations. And, although concrete is inherently durable, leaving it unprotected is an invitation for premature deterioration. Podium construction—also known as pedestal or platform construction—typically includes multiple stories of light wood framing over a single- or multi-story podium of another construction style, which may include retail as well as above- or below-grade parking levels. c) The upper portion is designed as a separate structure using the appropriate R and redundancy factor, ρ. d) The lower portion is designed as a separate structure using the appropriate R and ρ. Podiums and courtyards which have basement parking or commercial/office space beneath require a very versatile waterproofing system. Even though diaphragms may be idealized as flexible, it is sometimes good engineering judgment to consider other flexibility conditions. endobj Usually these slabs are situated above parking levels and as such require higher fire ratings and reduced sound transmission. Thank you Bill Lellis Fire Marshal. endobj Holistic Approach. As we’ve mentioned elsewhere, the culprit for premature deterioration is moisture. endobj Currently, some designers only perform a flexible diaphragm analysis and some a rigid diaphragm analysis, but a few use semi-rigid modeling (enveloping). So whether the podium is required to support multi-level conventional residential construction or a green roof with outdoor amenities, embarking on the design must begin with selecting 16” NiCore™ Plank from Nitterhouse Concrete Products, Inc. in Chambersburg, PA, a family-owned company serving the construction … PODIUM DECKS A podium deck can be used as an infill between and/or attached to building structures. SEAOC. Proper detailing for either framing system can address this issue. A primary requirement for a well-drained podium deck is ample slope of the concrete structure towards the deck drains. Learn everything you need to know about installing concrete footings to support your deck. Markers Construction Limited Scope of work Refurbishment of residential apartment garden area. The western half of the building is partly constructed on a podium transfer structure enclosing future works access for Crossrail. WITH INTENSIVE GREEN ROOFS 4 NOPHADRAIN . With ever-increasing land costs and the rising cost of steel and concrete… endobj Podium Deck Waterproofing - Waterproofing a concrete or similar deck over a non-critical area such as a car park, podium decks are elevated platform decks generally used as infill between buildings and or other structures. endstream An R-2 occupancy above a Type 1-A construction, parking garage. Woodworks.org. Lateral forces in the longitudinal direction are typically resisted by the exterior walls and corridor walls. A watertight roof performs a vital function in protecting employees, visitors and physical assets. The maximum building height measured in feet above grade is not exceeded. Special steel trusses were . For example, if the podium level has horizontal irregularity type 1a or 1b, is the lower rigid portion required to follow section 12.3.3.2e using ELF, or Table 12.6-1 using Model response spectrum or more rigorous procedure? of Podium Design. Structural provisions in the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7) ASCE 7-10 Section 12.2.3 notes that, when combining different seismic-force-resisting systems in the same direction, the most stringent applicable structural system limitations of ASCE 7-10 Table 12.2-1 shall apply. <> ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.1.1 (c) allows diaphragms in light-frame structures to be idealized as flexible when 1½ inches or less of non-structural topping, such as concrete or a similar material, is placed over WSP diaphragms, and each line of vertical elements of the SFRS complies with the allowable story drift of ASCE 7-10 Table 12.12-1. This has decreased costs and also contributed to concrete floors' popularity. This 109,600 square-foot student housing project includes five stories of wood-frame construction over a concrete podium … Deck Footings. The upper slab of the concrete podium typically acts as both a fire separation and structural transfer slab for the framing above. As we’ve mentioned elsewhere, the culprit for premature deterioration is moisture. In multifamily residential structures, a concrete Podium Slab typically acts as both a structural floor and as a transfer slab for wood and light gauge steel framed construction above. Typical floor plans for mid-rise multifamily construction. All images courtesy RJC Engineers. Distribution of forces to the vertical resisting elements are based on analysis methods where the diaphragm is modeled as follows: Current practice for light-frame construction commonly assumes that wood diaphragms are flexible for the purpose of distributing horizontal forces to shear walls. The lateral force resisting system for the flexible upper portion is typically built with wood-framed shear walls sheathed with wood structural panels (WSP). In 1999, the Structural Engineers Association of California Code and Seismology Committees recommended that relative flexibility requirements outlined in ASCE 7 Section 12.3.1 be considered for wood framed diaphragms. <> Figure 5. The last term accounts for rigid wall rotation. Decks with higher slopes can remove water faster from the deck … Podium buildings are comprised of multiple stories of light-frame wood construction over one, or in some cases, two levels of concrete podium construction. If the deck is reinforced concrete, use reinforced, minimum 215 mil thick hot fluid-applied rubberized asphalt, applied directly to the deck, in a protected membrane roof assembly (PMR) often referred to … Podium slab construction techniques. This article covers important design considerations and traditional approaches related to the design of a five-story wood-framed structure over a two-story concrete or masonry podium. endobj The challenge The Water Gardens … Some confusion exists regarding the required amplification of forces that are transferred from the flexible upper portion into the podium slab. “Recent years have seen an increase in the use of podium decks, and it has been recognised that there has been a significant increase in failures. <> 7 0 obj 3 podIum and/or parkIng roof decks combIned wIth IntensIve green roofs 4 nophadraIn podIum deck and p arkIng deck systems 4.1 Podium Deck System – load class 1 Warm roof construction/roof construction … b. gypsum wallboard) having a response modification coefficient of R=2 would require the WSP walls to be designed for forces in excess of three times greater (6.5/2) than if only WSP walls are used. Many architects incorporate podium deck construction into their design to increase density and height for wood framed construction. WHO WE ARE TROY NIBBELINK President/CEO Nibbelink is a family owned business, and we have always considered our staff to be a part of that family. However, some newer systems have been developed with lighter residential construction in mind. This ratio is not less than 1.0. e) The upper portion is analyzed with the equivalent lateral force or modal response spectrum procedure, and the lower portion is analyzed with the equivalent lateral force procedure. 12 0 obj b) The period of the entire structure is not more than 1.1 times the period of the upper portion considered as a separate structure supported at the transition from the upper to lower portions. It is recommended that bearing plates, rod couplers and shrinkage-compensating devices be installed at each floor to provide a more efficient system and reduce story drift. How Full Can Concrete Trucks be when Driving on Slabs-on-Grade? Contact publisher for all permission requests. Podium construction can be an efficient and cost-effective way to meet the rapidly growing demand for student housing across the country. Semi-balloon framing can be used to reduce vertical shrinkage. Discontinuous shear wall at podium slab. Podium decks … The procedure treats the flexible upper and rigid lower portions of the structure as two distinct structures, thereby simplifying the seismic design process. For buildings designed in jurisdictions enforcing codes preceding the 2015 IBC, this would require an alternate means and methods request approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Founded in 1994, we have over 25 years of industry experience and comprehensive market knowledge. The lateral load-resisting system consists of wood-frame shear walls for the upper stories and concrete shear walls for the lower story. Unless a diaphragm can be idealized as either flexible or rigid in accordance with Sections 12.3.1.1, 12.3.1.2 or 12.3.1.3, the structural analysis shall explicitly include consideration of the stiffness of the diaphragm (i.e. For example, light-framed shear walls with WSP sheathing have a response modification coefficient of R=6.5. 3 0 obj W. R. MEADOWS is proud to announce that 2021 marks our milestone 95th year of business operation. By James Cooper, P.Eng., LEED AP O+M Owners, engineers, and contractors involved in the design, operation, maintenance, and restoration of parking garages and building podium decks … He may be reached at terrym@woodworks.org. 18 0 obj endobj The 2012 and 2015 editions of the International Building Code (IBC) allow a maximum building height above grade of 75 feet using Type IIIB construction and 85 feet for Type IIIA if NFPA13 sprinklers are used. wood construction over a concrete podium separated by a three-hour fire resistance-rated horizontal assembly. Five Story Wood-frame Structure Over Podium Slab. If your project is a single story elevated concrete deck or is a sixty story high rise, we have the right system for you. ��< Ȕ��Ip m�vn[m��3&�n'eL 4��L�H��֫z��}�իW�x��V��o��{�k��|jW*b��^{ |��g ! American Forest and Paper Association (AF & PA). 2 0 obj <> Where the aspect ratio is greater than 2:1, the nominal shear capacity must be adjusted to account for the reduced unit shear capacity in high aspect ratio walls due to the loss of stiffness as the aspect ratio increases. However, the 2015 IBC allows multiple story podiums. Many, if not all, of the walls separating the dwelling units are used as interior shear walls in the transverse direction. Multi-Family Podium Construction Fact Sheet. The construction of podium decks and buried roofs has been around for some time, but the use of a basement roof structure to extend beyond the building line and under gardens has increased recently. 20 0 obj 95th Anniversary Blog. [ 17 0 R] Varying rod diameters help reduce rod elongation and wall rotation and produce a more efficient and cost-effective system. 1 0 obj Now that you know the benefits of building with a post-tensioned concrete podium, you may want to know how to go about. 2012 and 2015. International Code Council, Whittier, CA. The requirement to waterproof is to protect the parent substrate, allowing for usage of the deck and the protection of the area underneath (from definitions). 3. construction over a one-story concrete podium slab and is assigned to Seismic Design Category D. The gravity load framing system consists of wood-frame bearing walls for the upper stories and concrete bearing walls for the lower story. Generally, this type of slab constructed and placed at gro… Recognized, comprehensive guidelines and design examples providing in-depth coverage are available, demonstrating traditional methods of analyzing mid-rise and podium designs.▪, International Building Code. Podium designs are one way to maximize the number of stories, increase unit density, and lower construction costs. Typically, they are exposed to all extremes of the weather. The Polyurea system has been developed over the last 20 years for use in the waterproofing industry for concrete decks, reservoir roofs, bunds, top of basement wall detailing green roofs as well as lorry beds, ships hulls and bridges. The building below is of Type IA construction and is protected throughout with NFPA13 sprinklers, Shafts, stairways, ramps, and escalator enclosures penetrating the horizontal assembly have a 2-hour fire resistance rating, and. In multifamily residential structures, a concrete Podium Slab typically acts as both a structural floor and as a transfer slab for wood and light gauge steel framed construction above. Typical shear wall components and summation of lateral forces. As overturning forces develop, the bearing plates at the tension boundary members act to resist these forces causing bearing perpendicular-to-grain stresses and crushing at the bearing plate, sole plate, and top plates of the wall. Connection requirements to the podium slab are shown in Figure 4. Usually these slabs are … �t} �lK5mH7M�U��iG��ҘV׹�l��t��i\�I1�i�q�'�E�dʦ��1�j9�vholB�9B�.M��fL�-z7�j��n6� � �Z�*��r�ƽ�큂��j� sΠ[�J�� <> The Garges will be Ordinary Hazard I. The sum of the lateral forces from the walls above is transferred to the walls below as shown in Figure 5. semi-rigid modeling assumption). 8 0 obj Next, once all the floors are reviewed, areas of the building are defined for non-typical (Podium … endobj Load bearing elements such as walls and columns of superstructure above the podium slab may not align with substructure load bearing elements below. Check with your local building department to determine your local code requirements when building a raised platform. Rooftop and podium concrete decks are used for car parks, equipment plants, and similar situations. 0 INTRODUCTION 1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. Traditionally, shear walls are designed from floor to floor, assuming that they are pinned at the top and bottom at each floor, and the out-of-plane stiffness of the floor framing is rigid. Long span steel construction at the podium level provides more flexible use of space below, which depends on the function of the building : The lightweight nature of the steel structure of the upper residential levels minimises the loads on the podium level and therefore saves on the cost of the podium structure Types of residential buildings. <> The concrete subcontractor poured the concrete decks to finish floor elevation, not to deck thickness which is required per note CP‐4. As a sustainable manufacturer, we feel duty bound to offer advice on correct design, installation techniques and the correct selection of waterproofing and drainage protection systems”. Products & Construction Types Multi-Family Product Avg. Regarding sprinkler protection. <> In multifamily residential structures, a concrete Podium Slab typically acts as both a structural floor and as a transfer slab for wood and light gauge steel framed construction above. Terry Malone is a Senior Technical Director in the Project Resources and Solutions Division of WoodWorks. Mid-rise structures using podium designs provide many opportunities for cost-effective, higher-density construction. The building portions are separated by a horizontal assembly with a minimum 3-hour fire resistance rating. Another consideration is the detailing and added framing challenge of placing the interior wall sheathing between or behind the joist hangers. endobj endobj Reinforced concrete floor decks have become increasingly popular in homes over the last decade, and many of the floor systems used are adapted from commercial construction. º Water resistant concrete 1.6 Details 1.7 Design of falls - structural roof deck 1.8 Roof drainage • Stormwater discharge via gravity drainage inside a building - roof outlets • Linear drainage channel • Stormwater discharge over roof egde • Surface water from adjacent roofs and facades 2.1 Separation layer 2.2 Slip layer 2.3 Protection layer 2.4 9Drainage layer 2.5 Filter layer 2.6 The reactions from the upper portion are determined from the analysis of the upper portion amplified by the ratio of the R/ρ of the upper portion over the R/ρ of the lower portion. Holistic Approach. Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic with Commentary (SDPWS-15). Considerations with this system include the eccentric gravity load effects on the wall studs caused by top flange joist hangers. endobj This has decreased costs and also contributed to concrete … 9 0 obj 1999. endobj We will teach you how to determine the code compliant size of your footings based on the soil type and tributary loads. The materials that are taken off which make up these elements are the rebar, formwork, concrete material, and finishing area. In multifamily residential structures, a concrete Podium Slab typically acts as both a structural floor and as a transfer slab for wood and light gauge steel framed construction above. endobj Overturning forces are typically determined by dividing the sum of the moment applied at the top of the wall by the distance between the center of the tension anchoring device and the centroid of the compression boundary members. Roofdex HB is water-based with ultra-low VOC levels, which means it is safe, environmentally friendly and releases no hazardous solvents or strong odour during application.. As Roofdex HB is cold applied, requiring no torches, burners or other heating equipment during application, it poses no fire risks. PONDS, PODIUMS, PLANTERS, WALKWAYS AND SERVICE DECK EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON THE WATER GARDENS Triflex (UK) Ltd @TriflexUK 01785 819119 www.triflex.co.uk info@triflex.co.uk Triflex (UK) Ltd. | Whitebridge Way | Stone | Staffordshire | ST15 8JS CASE STUDY. 13 0 obj We’ve been a family-owned and operated company, serving the needs of the concrete construction industry, since 1926. Typical mid-rise five stories of wood framing over the two-story concrete podium. Experience STRUCTURE magazine at its best! Questions or comments regarding this website are encouraged: Contact the webmaster. PODIUM DECK AND PARKING DECK . Rooftop and podium concrete decks are used for car parks, equipment plants, and similar situations. <> These overturning forces are cumulative to the foundation. This allows two stories of podium with five stories of wood framing above to meet the 85-foot maximum building height limitation and also meet the 65-foot SFRS height limit. Combining light-framed shear walls sheathed with other materials (e.g. 10 0 obj 4. The following construction systems have been used for podium slabs: Post-tensions cast in place construction technique; Precast hollow core; this construction system is preferred it provides immediate safe working platform and excellent construction speed. The two-stage analysis also allows the seismic base of the upper portion to be the top of the lower portion. Figure 2. At Flexcrete, our … Designers of these buildings should avoid having more than one SFRS in the flexible upper portion. This article covers important design considerations and traditional approaches related to the design of a five-story wood-framed structure over a two-story concrete or masonry podium. Traditional shear wall deflection is determined by calculation using the familiar three-part deflection SDPWS Equation 4.3-1, the four- part deflection SDPWS Equation C4.3.2-1 or equation 23-2 found in the 2015 IBC for stapled shear walls. Shear wall deflections and story drifts are determined floor to floor. “The ceilings were 9 feet with no fur downs since the open web truss system allowed for mechanical and exhaust ducts to run The structural analysis shall consider the relative stiffnesses of the diaphragms and of the vertical elements of the seismic force-resisting system. PETRA, Incorporated is a recognized leader in Pre-Construction, General Contracting, Construction Management, Design-Build, and Concrete Services. 6 0 obj Podium designs are one way to maximize the number of stories, increase unit density, and lower construction costs. 14 0 obj American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). beam, post-tensioned slabs, columns) supporting a discontinuous shear wall is designed for over-strength where required by ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.3.3. Example floor plan configurations typically encountered in mid-rise multifamily construction are shown in Figure 2. Similar force modifications for wind demands do not apply. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION TYPE I – This concrete and steel structure, called fire resistive when first built at the turn of the century, is supposed to confine a fire by its construction. IBC 2015 Section 510.2 allows an upper portion of any construction type to be built over a lower portion where the two portions are treated as separate and distinct structures. The focus of the review should be to understand the age and effectiveness of the podium deck waterproofing system by determining the extent of leakage and concrete deterioration below, …